Energy and Environment

Solar Cells

Originally published in 1983
Body

The Heat Exchanger Method (HEM) produces high efficiency crystal ingots in an automated well-insulated furnace offering low equipment, labor and energy costs. The grown" silicon crystals are used to make solar cells or photovoltaic cells which convert sunlight directly into electricity. The HEM method is used by Crystal Systems Inc. and was developed under a NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory contract. The square wafers which are the result of the process are sold to companies manufacturing solar panels."

Full article: http://hdl.handle.net/hdl:2060/20030001741

Abstract
The Heat Exchanger Method (HEM) produces high efficiency crystal ingots in an automated well-insulated furnace offering low equipment, labor and energy costs. The grown" silicon crystals are used to make solar cells or photovoltaic cells which convert sunlight directly into electricity. The HEM method is used by Crystal Systems Inc. and was developed under a NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory contract. The square wafers which are the result of the process are sold to companies manufacturing solar panels."
Solar Cells

Solar Cells

Solar Cells

Solar Cells